為期四天的博鰲亞洲論壇2017年年會(huì)于3月23日至26日在海南博鰲舉行，本次年會(huì)的主題是“直面全球化與自由貿(mào)易的未來”。
The four-day Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) Annual Conference 2017, themed with “Globalization & Free Trade: The Asian Perspectives”, was held from March 23 to 26 in Boao, Hainan.
——引言
Boao Forum for Asia Declaration on Economic Globalization
博鰲亞洲論壇關(guān)于促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的宣言
The aim of the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) is to promote and deepen the economic exchange, coordination, and cooperation within Asia and between Asia and other parts of the world. At present, the pressures on global growth and the increase in de-globalization and trade protectionistrhetoric and actions have caused serious concerns about possible disruptions to global trade and growth. Facing this situation, Asian countries should stay committed to the course of open markets, inclusive growth and continued economic cooperation to ensure shared prosperity and sustainable growth in the region.
促進(jìn)亞洲區(qū)域內(nèi)、亞洲與世界其他地區(qū)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)交流、協(xié)調(diào)與合作是博鰲亞洲論壇的宗旨。當(dāng)前全球經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨壓力，逆全球化和貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義言行抬頭，可能給全球貿(mào)易與投資全帶來干擾，令人擔(dān)憂。在此情況下，亞洲各國應(yīng)堅(jiān)持推進(jìn)市場開放、包容性增長和經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，以確保本地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的共同繁榮和可持續(xù)增長。
Economic globalization is a natural outcome of scientific breakthroughs and technological progress. In the past decades, it has powered global growth, and enabled steady progress in poverty alleviation worldwide. Economic globalization has also caused new problems that should not be neglected.
經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化是科技進(jìn)步的必然結(jié)果。在過去幾十年中，它有力推動(dòng)了全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，也持續(xù)推動(dòng)了全球范圍的減貧進(jìn)程不斷取得進(jìn)展。但經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化也帶來了一些不容忽視的新問題。
The root cause of these structural problems is not economic globalizationper se, but the failure of the existing systems of global governance to keep up with profound changes in the world economic landscape. Thus, de-globalization measures are unlikely
to solve the problems, and could even create new challenges for global growth. The world must actively adapt to the force of
economic globalization and reform global governance.
上述結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾的根源，不在于經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化本身，而是由于現(xiàn)行全球治理體制同世界經(jīng)濟(jì)格局深刻變化不相適應(yīng)所造成的。因此，采取逆全球化措施，不可能解決這些結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾，甚至?xí)䴙槿蚪?jīng)濟(jì)增長帶來新的挑戰(zhàn)。世界必須主動(dòng)順應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，改革全球治理體系。
With this in mind, BFA members attending the annual conference 2017, make the following appeal to all national governments and the global business community:
為此，出席2017年年會(huì)的博鰲亞洲論壇會(huì)員，向世界各國政府和全球企業(yè)界發(fā)出如下倡議：
First, governments should recognize economic globalization as a positive force, and commit to reform and strengthen the international economic order and global governance system through enhanced dialogue and cooperation under the principles of economic sovereignty as well asequity and reciprocity of rights and obligations. Governments must go hand in hand with policies to ensure that its benefits are more widely shared. We need to strike a balance between growth and distribution, and address structural problems that undermine this balance.
第一，各國政府應(yīng)視經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化為積極力量，在經(jīng)濟(jì)主權(quán)、權(quán)利與義務(wù)公平對等的原則基礎(chǔ)上，通過加強(qiáng)對話與合作改革和完善國際經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序和全球治理體系。各國政府必須共同采取相應(yīng)的政策，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化惠及更大的范圍。我們需要平衡增長與分配，解決破壞這種平衡的結(jié)構(gòu)性問題。
Second, as liberalization of cross-border trade and investment is the driver of sustainable global development, governments should reject trade protectionism, jointly uphold and promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and continue to reform and improve multilateral trade and investment mechanisms and governance to ensure global prosperity.
第二，跨境貿(mào)易與投資自由化是全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。各國政府應(yīng)共同反對貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義，共同堅(jiān)持和進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)貿(mào)易投資自由化便利化進(jìn)程，并不斷改革和完善多邊貿(mào)易投資機(jī)制和治理，確保全球共同繁榮。
Third, recognizing the fragmentation of global trade where less than half of the 600+ FTAs/RTAs (Free trade agreements / regional trade agreements) are actually functional, international and regional organizations such as the WTO and APEC should work together to address the situation and work towards a more open, inclusive, fair and equitable bilateral and multilateral trade system.
第三，WTO、APEC等國際和地區(qū)機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)攜手解決自貿(mào)安排碎片化問題，探討建立更加開放、包容和公平合理的雙、多邊貿(mào)易制度安排。
Fourth, while pursuing internal reform, multilateral financial institutions such as the IMF and World Bank should strengthen and improve supervision of global finance, give full support to cross-border capital flows as an essential driver of economic
growth, and make serious efforts to prevent and mitigate the adverse impacts caused by speculation or arbitrage on the part of “footloose” capital on the real economy.
第四，國際貨幣基金組織、世界銀行等多邊國際金融機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)在加強(qiáng)自身改革的同時(shí)加強(qiáng)和完善金融監(jiān)管，充分發(fā)揮跨國資本流動(dòng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的驅(qū)動(dòng)作用，有效防止和減輕游資套利和投機(jī)對實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)造成負(fù)面沖擊。
Fifth, recognizing that technological innovation and cross-bordermovement of knowledge and information have helped to
narrow the development gap between North and South and between rich and poor, governments should explore diverse forms of cross-border public private partnerships (PPP) to actively promote technological innovation and facilitate cross-border movement of knowledge and information to the benefit of people of all social strata in all countries and regions.
第五，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新以及知識(shí)與信息的跨境流動(dòng)有助于縮小南北差距、貧富差距。各國應(yīng)開展靈活多樣的跨境PPP合作模式積極推動(dòng)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，促進(jìn)知識(shí)與信息跨境流動(dòng)的便利化，使之惠及所有國家地區(qū)、所有階層、所有群體。
Sixth, to ensure balance in economic globalization, international organizations and multilateral mechanisms such as the G20 and APEC, national governments, as well as the private sector should support and help build an open mechanism for multilateral cooperation and jointly promote infrastructure, institutional and people-to-people connectivity.
第六，為推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的平衡發(fā)展，各國際機(jī)構(gòu)以及G20、APEC等多邊機(jī)制，有關(guān)各國政府、各相關(guān)私人部門，應(yīng)該支持和建立開放的多邊合作機(jī)制，共同促進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通、機(jī)制制度互聯(lián)互通、人文交流互聯(lián)互通。
BFA and BFA members stand ready to strengthen communication, coordination and cooperation in the aforementioned areas, and play their unique roles to bring about greater openness, inclusiveness, mutual benefit and balance in economic globalization.
博鰲亞洲論壇及全體會(huì)員愿意在上述諸方面加強(qiáng)溝通、協(xié)調(diào)與合作，為推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化朝向更加開放、包容、普惠、均衡的方向發(fā)展，發(fā)揮自身的獨(dú)特作用。
博鰲亞洲論壇熱詞
據(jù)了解，博鰲亞洲論壇2017年年會(huì)分為四個(gè)板塊——全球化、增長、改革，以及新經(jīng)濟(jì)，一共設(shè)置了42場分論壇和12場閉門對話（the BFA Annual Conference 2017 was divided into four modules-globalization, growth, reform and new economy. A total of
42 official sessions and 12 private sessions are planned during the conference.）。
那么這四個(gè)板塊的分論壇和對話中，有哪些熱詞值得關(guān)注？譯國譯民也為童鞋們搜羅出來啦!
1、金融科技 FinTech
FinTech是Financial Technology的縮寫，指應(yīng)用于金融領(lǐng)域的新技術(shù)。2016年，金融科技的概念迅速火爆，在大數(shù)據(jù)（big data）、云計(jì)算（cloud computing）、區(qū)塊鏈（block chain）、支付（payment）、智能投資顧問（robo-advisor）等方面取得了突飛猛進(jìn)的成效，對金融以及工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)等行業(yè)產(chǎn)生了深度影響。
2、工匠精神 the spirit of craftsmanship
2017年的《政府工作報(bào)告》提出，“要大力弘揚(yáng)工匠精神，厚植工匠文化”（promote the spirit of craftsmanship and foster a culture of craftsmanship）。“工匠精神”講究精雕細(xì)琢，追求完美。由制造業(yè)大國邁向制造業(yè)強(qiáng)國，沒有“工匠精神”的支撐就無從談起。培育“工匠精神”重在弘揚(yáng)精神，不僅限于物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)，還需各行各業(yè)培育和弘揚(yáng)精益求精、一絲不茍、追求卓越、愛崗敬業(yè)的品格，從而提供高品質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和高水準(zhǔn)服務(wù)。
3、直播經(jīng)濟(jì) live stream economy
2016年被稱為直播經(jīng)濟(jì)元年。不可否認(rèn)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播平臺(tái)（live streaming platform）已經(jīng)成為大眾生活不可或缺的一部分。無論是用戶數(shù)量的迅猛增長、資本的爭相涌入，還是各大直播平臺(tái)的相繼入場，都預(yù)示著直播經(jīng)濟(jì)的到來。
4、數(shù)字貨幣 digital currency
數(shù)字貨幣，并非真實(shí)的貨幣，而是存在于數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的世界中。但它又不能完全等同于局限在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲等虛擬空間中的虛擬貨幣（virtual currency），經(jīng)常被用于真實(shí)的商品和服務(wù)交易。由于移動(dòng)支付（mobile payment）的普及，越來越多的人開始“無現(xiàn)金”（cash-free）生活。紙幣的電子化，為數(shù)字貨幣的推出提供了良好的實(shí)踐。
5、虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) virtual reality
虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)，指通過模擬產(chǎn)生逼真的虛擬世界，給用戶提供完整的視覺、聽覺、觸覺等感官體驗(yàn)，讓用戶能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在自然環(huán)境下的各種感知和高級(jí)人機(jī)交互技術(shù)（human-computer interaction）。2016年被稱為“虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)”元年。
6、創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì) innovation economy
以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，把創(chuàng)意與智力資本作為初始投入，進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、銷售，這種經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)可以歸入創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)范疇。創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)的活動(dòng)可以概括為三個(gè)層面：一是創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)+新技術(shù)新產(chǎn)品，形成創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品（innovative products）；二是創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)+互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，形成創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)業(yè)（innovative industry）；三是創(chuàng)意經(jīng)濟(jì)+大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新，建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家（innovative country）。
7、人工智能 artificial intelligence
人工智能一般被認(rèn)為是通過模擬、延伸和擴(kuò)展人類智能，產(chǎn)生具有類人智能的計(jì)算系統(tǒng)（humanoid intelligence system）。在2017年全國兩會(huì)上，“人工智能”首次出現(xiàn)在《政府工作報(bào)告》中：“全面實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，加快新材料、新能源、人工智能、集成電路、生物制藥、第五代移動(dòng)通信等技術(shù)研發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)化，做大做強(qiáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。”
（We will fully implement our plan for developing strategic emerging industries. We will accelerate R&D on and commercialization of new materials, new energy, artificial intelligence, integrated circuits, bio-pharmacy, 5G mobile communications, and
other technologies, and develop industrial clusters in these fields.）
8、島嶼經(jīng)濟(jì) island economy
島嶼經(jīng)濟(jì)體是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的海島或一群海島，開發(fā)利用其島嶼、島灘及環(huán)島海域的陸地資源（land resources）和海洋資源（marine
resources）， 以發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)并具有一定行政、經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的地（海）域單元。
9、分享經(jīng)濟(jì) sharing economy
分享經(jīng)濟(jì)是所有權(quán)與使用權(quán)相分離的經(jīng)濟(jì)。分享經(jīng)濟(jì)是只求所用、不求擁有的經(jīng)濟(jì)。消費(fèi)者可以使用物品，但不必?fù)碛形锲�。分享�?jīng)濟(jì)能夠用較少的物質(zhì)存量滿足較多的服務(wù)需求，這與可持續(xù)發(fā)展（sustainable development）和綠色發(fā)展（green development）的要求是一致的。
博鰲亞洲論壇（Boao Forum for Asia，BFA）由25個(gè)亞洲國家和澳大利亞發(fā)起，于2001年2月下旬在海南省瓊海市萬泉河入海口的博鰲鎮(zhèn)召開大會(huì)，正式宣布成立。論壇為非官方（non-government）、非營利性（non-profit）、定期、定址的國際組織；為政府、企業(yè)及專家學(xué)者等提供一個(gè)共商經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、環(huán)境及其他相關(guān)問題的高層對話平臺(tái)（a platform for leaders in government, business and
academia from Asia and beyond to share visions on economy, society, environment and other related issues）；海南博鰲為論壇總部的永久所在地。
